What are the basic components of CNC lathes?
The CNC lathe is composed of CNC device, bed, headstock, tool post feed system, tailstock, hydraulic system, cooling system, lubrication system, chip conveyor and other parts.
Parallel double-spindle CNC lathes CNC lathes are divided into two types: vertical CNC lathes and horizontal CNC lathes.
Vertical CNC lathes are used for turning disk parts with larger turning diameters.
Horizontal CNC lathes are used for turning processing of parts with long axial dimensions or small disks.
Horizontal CNC lathes can be further divided into economical CNC lathes, ordinary CNC lathes and turning machining centers according to their functions.
(1) Economical CNC lathe: A simple CNC lathe formed by reforming the turning feed system of an ordinary lathe with a stepping motor and a single-chip microcomputer. The cost is low, the degree of automation and functions are relatively poor, and the turning precision is not high. It is suitable for turning processing of low-requirement rotary parts.
(2) Ordinary CNC lathe: a CNC lathe that is specially designed in structure according to the requirements of turning processing and is equipped with a general CNC system. The CNC system has strong functions, high degree of automation and machining accuracy, and is suitable for turning processing of general rotary parts. This CNC lathe can control two coordinate axes at the same time, namely the x-axis and the z-axis.
(3) Turning machining center: On the basis of ordinary CNC lathes, a C-axis and power head are added. More advanced machine tools also have a tool magazine, which can control the three coordinate axes of X, Z and C. The linkage control axis can be (X, Z), (X, C) or (Z, C). Due to the addition of the C-axis and milling power head, the processing functions of this CNC lathe have been greatly enhanced. In addition to general turning, it can also perform radial and axial milling, surface milling, and holes and diameters whose center line is not at the center of rotation of the part. Drilling and other processing of holes.
2. Hydraulic chuck and hydraulic tailstock
Hydraulic chuck is an important accessory for clamping workpieces during CNC turning. Ordinary hydraulic chucks can be used for general rotary parts; special chucks are required for parts whose clamping parts are not cylindrical; use bar materials directly A spring chuck is required when machining parts.
For parts with a large ratio of axial size to radial size, the CNC bearing lathe needs to use a movable top installed on the hydraulic tailstock to support the end of the part to ensure the correct processing of the part. The tailstock has ordinary hydraulic tailstock and programmable hydraulic tailstock.
3. Tool holder of CNC lathe
CNC lathes can be equipped with two tool holders:
(1) The special tool holder is developed by the lathe manufacturer itself, and the tool holder used is also special. The advantage of this tool holder is low manufacturing cost, but lacks versatility.
(2) General tool holders. The tool holders produced according to certain general standards. CNC lathe manufacturers can choose and configure according to the functional requirements of CNC lathes.
4. Milling power head
After the milling power head is installed on the tool post of the CNC lathe, the processing capacity of the CNC lathe can be greatly expanded. Such as: using a milling power head for axial drilling and milling of axial grooves.
5. Tools for CNC lathes
When turning parts on a CNC lathe or a turning machining center, the position of the tool on the tool holder should be reasonably and scientifically arranged according to the tool holder structure of the lathe and the number of tools that can be installed. Interference phenomenon with the machine tool, the tool and the workpiece, and the tool.
