24 kinds of metal materials and their characteristics commonly used in machinery and mold processing （A）
1, 45——High-quality carbon structural steel, the most commonly used medium-carbon quenched and tempered steel
Main features: The most commonly used medium carbon quenched and tempered steel, with good comprehensive mechanical properties, low hardenability, and easy to crack during water quenching. Small parts should be quenched and tempered, and large parts should be normalized. Application examples: Mainly used to manufacture high-strength moving parts, such as turbine impellers and compressor pistons. Shafts, gears, racks, worms, etc. Pay attention to preheating before welding and annealing for stress relief after welding.
2, Q235A (A3 steel)-the most commonly used carbon structural steel
Main features: It has high plasticity, toughness and welding performance, cold stamping performance, as well as certain strength and good cold bending performance. Application examples: Widely used in parts and welding structures that generally require V core: UG5209 to lead CNC data. Such as tie rods, connecting rods, pins, shafts, screws, nuts, ferrules, brackets, machine bases, building structures, bridges, etc. that are not stressed.
3, 40Cr-one of the most widely used steel grades, belongs to alloy structural steel
Main features: After quenching and tempering treatment, it has good comprehensive mechanical properties, low-temperature impact toughness and low notch sensitivity, good hardenability, high fatigue strength when oil-cooled, and easy parts with complex shapes when water-cooled. Crack occurs, cold-formed plasticity is moderate, good machinability after tempering or quenching and tempering, but poor weldability, easy to produce cracks, should be preheated to 100 ~ 150 ℃ before welding, generally used in quenched and tempered state, it is OK Carburize carbonitriding and high frequency surface quenching treatment. Application example: After quenching and tempering, it is used to manufacture medium-speed and medium-load parts, such as machine tool gears, shafts, worms, spline shafts, thimble sleeves, etc., after quenching and tempering, and high-frequency surface quenching, it is used to make the surface with high hardness and resistance. Grinding parts, such as gears, shafts, spindles, crankshafts, spindles, sleeves, pins, connecting rods, screws and nuts, intake valves, etc., after quenching and tempering at medium temperature, they are used to manufacture heavy-duty, medium-speed impact Parts, such as oil pump rotors, sliders, gears, spindles, collars, etc., are used to manufacture heavy-duty, low-impact, wear-resistant parts after quenching and low-temperature tempering, such as worms, spindles, shafts, collars, etc., carbon After nitriding treatment, transmission parts with larger size and higher low-temperature impact toughness are manufactured, such as shafts, gears, etc.
4, HT150-gray cast iron
Application examples: gear box body, machine bed, box body, hydraulic cylinder, pump body, valve body, flywheel, cylinder head, pulley, bearing cover, etc.
5, 35-Commonly used materials for various standard parts and fasteners
Main features: proper strength, good plasticity, high cold plasticity, and acceptable weldability. Partial upsetting and drawing can be done in cold state. Low hardenability, application examples after normalizing or quenching and tempering: Suitable for manufacturing small cross-section parts, parts that can withstand larger loads: such as crankshafts, levers, connecting rods, hooks and loops, etc., various standard parts, fasteners .
6, 65Mn-commonly used spring steel
Application examples: various flat springs, round springs, cushion springs, spring springs in small sizes, and can also be made into spring rings, valve springs, clutch springs, brake springs, cold-rolled coil springs, circlips, etc.
7, 0Cr18Ni9——The most commonly used stainless steel (American steel number 304, Japanese steel number SUS304)
Features and applications: It is the most widely used as a stainless heat-resistant steel, such as food equipment, general chemical equipment, and original energy industrial equipment.
8, Cr12-commonly used cold work die steel (American steel number D3, Japanese steel number SKD1)
Characteristics and applications: Cr12 steel is a widely used cold work die steel, which is a high-carbon and high-chromium ledeburite steel. The steel has good hardenability and good wear resistance; because the carbon content of Cr12 steel is as high as 2.3%, it has poor impact toughness, easy brittleness, and easy formation of uneven eutectic carbides; Cr12 steel has Good wear resistance, mostly used to manufacture cold punches, punches, blanking dies, cold heading dies, cold extrusion dies, punches and dies, drill sleeves, gauges, which are subject to less impact load and require high wear resistance Wire drawing die, stamping die, thread rolling board, deep drawing die and cold press die for powder metallurgy, etc.
9, DC53-commonly used cold work die steel imported from Japan
Features and applications: High strength and toughness cold work die steel. After high temperature tempering, it has high hardness, high toughness and good wire cutting performance. Used for precision cold stamping dies, drawing dies, thread rolling dies, cold blanking dies, punches, etc. 10, SM45-ordinary carbon plastic mold steel (Japanese steel number S45C)
